What effect does MDMA have on the brain's chemicals?

MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, primarily acts as a stimulant and empathogen, and its influence on brain chemicals is notable. One of its most significant effects is the increase in norepinephrine levels, which can elevate heart rate and blood pressure, contributing to the stimulating effects often experienced by users. This increase in norepinephrine means that individuals may also experience heightened alertness and energy.

Additionally, MDMA notably increases serotonin levels, which plays a role in mood regulation, emotional closeness, and social connection, further enhancing the empathogenic effects. Therefore, recognizing that MDMA primarily increases norepinephrine levels is critical to understanding its short-term physiological and psychological impact on users. The incorrect options reflect various misconceptions about MDMA's action on the brain. For instance, while MDMA does affect serotonin, it does not eliminate serotonin levels, nor does it specifically reduce trust hormones. Rather, the increase in serotonin can promote feelings of empathy and connection, contrary to any suggestion of reduction in these aspects.