Barbiturates increase the activity of which neurotransmitter?

Barbiturates primarily increase the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and its primary role is to reduce neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. By enhancing the effects of GABA, barbiturates produce a calming effect, leading to sedation, decreased anxiety, and muscle relaxation. This is why they have historically been used medically for anxiety relief and as sedatives or anesthetics.

The action of barbiturates on GABA receptors helps to explain their therapeutic effects, as well as the potential for dependence and overdose associated with these substances. Understanding the mechanism by which barbiturates influence GABA activity is crucial for recognizing their effects on the body and the reasons behind their classification as central nervous system depressants.